Fig. 7.

Mapping of mechanically stimulated amino acids in metabolic pathways. Amino acids that are bolded and underlined were upregulated in SW1353 cells that were exposed to compression and shear force. Those bolded only were upregulated in cells exposed to compression. Amino acids that are not bolded nor underlined were not detected (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine). Intermediates of interest include ribose-5-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate. Additionally, pyrimidine metabolism was upregulated in samples exposed to 30 min of compression that stems from the pentose phosphate pathway.