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. 2022 Jan 25;13:815787. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.815787

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Copyright © 2022 Ozturk, Rosalia and Roche.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Wall stress obtained by finite element analysis (FEA). Stress distribution of the left atrial (LA) wall (A) during systole and (B) diastole, and (C) of the left ventricular (LV) wall during diastole in the healthy heart, HFpEF, and under pulsatile and continuous support. The gray color in the contour plots represents the over values of the range (maximum color bar value). Bar charts illustrate corresponding mean stress values of active LV elements (~123,000 elements) during systole and diastole. Error bars indicate +1 standard deviation from the mean.