Taxonomic information	Current valid scientific name: Heteroborips seriatus Synonyms: Xyleborus seriatus, Xyleborus orientalis, Xyleborus orientalis aceris, Xyleborus orientalis kalopanacis, Xyleborus perorientalis, Xyleborus septentrionalis, Xyleborus todo Name used in the EU legislation: Listed as EU‐quarantine pest as Scolytidae spp. (non‐European) [1SCOLF] Order: Coleoptera Family: Curculionidae Subfamily: Scolytinae Common name: – Name used in the Dossier: Xyleborus seriatus
Group	Insects
EPPO code	XYLBSE
Regulated status	Heteroborips seriatus is listed in Annex II/A of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 as Scolytidae spp. (non‐European) [1SCOLF]. The pest is not regulated anywhere in the world neither listed by EPPO.
Pest status in China	Heteroborips seriatus is present in China in Shaanxi (Mandelshtam et al., 2019), Shanxi and Sichuan (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008; Mandelshtam et al., 2019).
Pest status in the EU	Heteroborips seriatus is absent in the EU (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008; Mandelshtam et al., 2019; EFSA PLH Panel, 2020a; Atkinson, online).
Host status on Pinus parviflora and P. thunbergii	Pinus parviflora and P. thunbergii are hosts of H. seriatus (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008).
PRA information	Available Pest Risk Assessment: – Scientific opinion on the pest categorisation of non‐EU Scolytinae of coniferous hosts (EFSA PLH Panel, 2020b).
Other relevant information for the assessment
Biology	Heteroborips seriatus is a bark beetle native to Asia. It is present in China, Japan, North and South Korea, Taiwan and Russian Far East. It was introduced to US (Massachusetts) in 2005 (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008). It is now present in Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Vermont (Atkinson, online), New Hampshire (Dodds and DiGirolomo, 2020), Canada (Nova Scotia) and Alaska (Webster et al., 2020). It is associated with unknown fungus, photographed and described by Nakashima et al. (1992) as oval or sausage‐shaped fungi. Based on DNA sequencing and morphological diagnostic characters, Xyleborus seriatus was renamed to H. seriatus, because the species is not related to genus Xyleborus (Mandelshtam et al., 2019). Females are reddish brown, 1.9–2.5 mm long (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008). Males occur very rarely, they are flat, yellow and very hairy (Mandelshtam et al., 2018). According to Nakashima et al. (1992), females bore galleries under the bark, which are approximately 1 mm wide and 20 mm long. The place of the gallery (communal galleries and rooms) is under the bark; it does not reach sapwood. Only females take care of their brood (Nakashima et al., 1992). Females, larvae and pupae are found together in communal chambers/rooms (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008). Gallery systems and boring behaviour of H. seriatus are similar to that of true bark beetles. Heteroborips seriatus occurs symbiotically with fungi that are closely related to those associated with typical bark beetles (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008). There are no specific data on number of generations, the flight distance and on the size of attacked stems and branches for H. seriatus. According to EPPO (2020), the main pathways of entry for scolytides are: wood (including roundwood with or without bark, sawn wood, wood chips, hogwood, processing wood residues and wood packaging material) and possibly plants for planting (except seeds) and cut branches.

Symptoms	Main type of symptoms	No specific information on symptoms caused by H. seriatus was found but they are probably similar to other bark beetles. Visible symptoms include wilting of foliage on terminal ends of branches and twig, terminal dieback, entry holes on the affected trunk and branches.
	Presence of asymptomatic plants	No report was found on the presence of asymptomatic plants. Similarly, like other scolytids initial phases of infestation are associated with few external symptoms. While there is no visible injury in the bark at early stage of colonisation, frass is produced (Mendel et al., 2012).
	Confusion with other pests	Infestation symptoms recorded in trees are not specific to H. seriatus and may be due to infestation by other bark beetles of similar size and biology. Heteroborips seriatus can be confused with other Heteroborips and Xyleborus species. It is very similar to Heteroborips cryptographus and H. indicus (Smith et al., 2020). A morphological (Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008) or molecular analysis is needed in order to distinguish them.
Host plant range	Conifer hosts of H. seriatus are Abies sachalinensis, Chamaecyparis spp., Cryptomeria japonica, Larix kaempferi, Picea jezoensis, Picea ajanensis, Pinus armandii, P. parviflora, P. pentaphylla var. himekomaisu, P. tabuliformis, P. thunbergii, Thuja standishii, Tsuga spp. and Taxus (Wood and Bright, 1992; Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008). Broadleaves hosts are Acer rufinerve, Aesculus turbinata, Alnus incana, Alnus incana var. glauca, Betula spp., Carpinus tschonoskii, Castanopsis sp., Cleyera japonica, Fagus crenata, Kalopanax septemlobus, Mallotus japonicus, Prunus sp., Quercus spp., Rhus orientalis, Schima sp. and Tilia japonica (Wood and Bright, 1992; Hoebeke and Rabaglia, 2008).
Reported evidence of impact	Heteroborips seriatus is EU quarantine pest.
Evidence that the commodity is a pathway	According to EPPO (2020), bark beetles can possibly travel with plants for planting. Therefore, the commodity (i.e., bonsai plants) is expected to be a pathway for H. seriatus.
Surveillance information	No surveillance information for this pest is currently available from China. Nevertheless, non‐European scolytids are included in a list of target pests (Dossier Section 4.0) for which monitoring activities (pheromone traps, light traps, etc.) are performed, together with three times a year inspections and samplings to collect insects on host plants in the survey area. There is no information on whether the pest has ever been found in the nursery or its surrounding environment.