Number | Risk mitigation measure | Effect on the pest | Evaluation and uncertainties |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Separation and physical protection of the commodity during production and before export | Yes |
The net does not prevent the entry of airborne inoculum (basidiospores). However, it might reduce air currents thereby decreasing the amount of inoculum entering the production site. As it cannot be excluded that the pathogens could be dispersed by insect vectors, insect vectors, such as Diptera of the genus Mycodiplosis, the net is also expected to be effective against the entry of these vectors.
Uncertainties:
|
2 | Growing medium and its treatment | No | Not applicable. |
3 | Treatment of seeds | No | Not applicable. |
4 | Insecticide and acaricide treatments | Yes |
As it cannot be excluded that the pathogens could be dispersed by insect vectors, such as Diptera of the genus Mycodiplosis, insecticides could have some effects in reducing the insect vector populations.
Uncertainties:
|
5 | Fungicide treatments | Yes |
Fungicide treatments (most of active ingredients are systemic) are expected to reduce the likelihood of infection of the pathogens and the rate of colonisation of needles.
Uncertainties:
|
6 | Nematicide treatments | No | Not applicable. |
7 | Herbicide treatments and weed management | No | Not applicable. |
8 | Official inspections during production | Yes |
The official inspections are expected to have some effects in detecting the pathogens. However, asymptomatic periods of at least 6 months (18 months for C. phellodendri) are reported during which infection cannot be detected visually.
Uncertainties:
|
9 | Official inspections and treatments before export | Yes |
The official inspections are expected to have some effects in detecting the pathogen. However, asymptomatic periods of at least 6 months (18 months for C. phellodendri) are reported during which infection cannot be detected visually. The removal of 2 cm of surface growing medium 2 weeks before export and its replacement with new growing medium is expected to reduce pathogen inoculum because of the removal of fallen infected needles. However, the inoculum may persist on infected needles in the crown.
Uncertainties:
|