Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Pest free with some exceptional cases (based on the Median).
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest‐free plants	9,835 out of 10,000 plants	9,905 out of 10,000 plants	9,951 out of 10,000 plants	9,980 out of 10,000 plants	9,994 out of 10,000 plants
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of infested plants	6 out of 10,000 plants	20 out of 10,000 plants	49 out of 10,000 plants	95 out of 10,000 plants	165 out of 10,000 plants
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest could become associated with the commodity The pest is known to be present in the Zhenjiang province, where it is an important pest causing outbreaks. Different hosts are present in the surroundings of the nursery. Adults of the pest are able to fly long distances, and young larvae can be dispersed by the wind. Infestation of the commodity could occur if the protecting net is broken, or during the winter time when it is removed. In addition, infestation could also occur by means of scions taken from infested mother plants. Measures taken against the pest and their efficacy The protecting net is expected to have an effect on reducing risk of infestation with Dendrolimus species, especially in the production base. Insecticide treatments (especially contact and ingestion pesticides) are expected to kill the larvae that are present on the plants. The official inspections during production and before export are expected to have some effects in detecting the presence of the pest. Interception records In the EUROPHYT/TRACES‐NT database, there are no records of notification of Pinus parviflora and P. thunbergii bonsai plants neither from China nor from other countries due to the presence of Dendrolimus punctatus between the years 1995 and May 2021 (EUROPHYT/TRACES‐NT, online). Shortcomings of current measures/procedures No relevant shortcomings. Main uncertainties – Abundance of the pest in the nursery and in the surroundings. – Laying down and removal calendar of insect‐proof net on bonsai cultivation in relation to the flight periods of adults. – No information on whether plants are protected with the net in the storage and packaging place before export. – No information on the characteristics of the door used by the nursery staff to enter and exit the net protected area during the production cycle. – Effectiveness of inspections in detecting small larvae and eggs.