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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2021 Dec 23;247:118852. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118852

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Conceptual design of the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). Between-person latent trait variables are defined using data from observed variables across all three time points, and essentially represent an individual’s mean over time. Between-person latent variables are correlated. Time-specific within-person deviations are modeled at the within-person level. Within-person deviations are modeled with autoregressive paths, and cross-lagged paths, and within-time correlations. Double-headed arrows show correlations, and single-headed arrows show predictive paths. “FC” = functional connectivity; “cFC” = centered within-person deviation in functional connectivity; “cVolume” = centered within-person deviation in brain volume; squares represent manifest (observed) variables; circles represent latent variables.