Table 3.

Random-intercept cross-lagged panel model results linking amygdala volumes and subcortical-to-cognitive control network functional network connectivity, including control variables of age at time 1, study site, and sex, all on between-level latent variables.

Parameter Estimated	b(SE)	r/β	p
amygdala volume → SC-CC connectivity	1.71 (.17)	−.44 and −.85	< .001
SC-CC connectivity → amygdala volume	−.29 (.27)	−.10 and −.10	.29
autoregressive paths: amygdala volume	1.16 (.16)	.38 and .80	< .001
autoregressive paths: SC-CC connectivity	−.038 (.17)	−.024 and −.024	.83
between-level correlation	.002 (.003)	.50	.45
within-person correlations
time 1	−.002 (.003)	−.55	.49
time 2 and time 3	−.003 (.003)	−.19 and −.22	.32
Control variables on FNC
age at time 1	−.009 (.003)	−.27	.010
sex	.014 (.011)	−.15	.22
study site	−.016 (.012)	.13	.16
Control variables on amygdala volume
age at time 1	.004 (.005)	.072	.41
sex	.035 (.016)	.19	.029
study site	.025 (.017)	.14	.13

Amygdala volumes were linearly transformed by multiplying mean volumes (adjusted for total brain volume per participant) by 1000; unstandardized coefficients reflect the relationships between SC-CC connectivity and linearly transformed amygdala volumes; “b” = unstandardized parameter estimate; “SE” = standard error about the unstandardized parameter estimate; “r/β” = standardized parameter estimate (correlation/prediction, respectively) listed for time 1 → time 2 then time 2 → time 3 when applicable; “SC-CC” = functional connectivity between the subcortical and cognitive control networks.