Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 12;42(2):117–140. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12254

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Functions of lncRNAs in regulating RBPs. (A) lncRNAs regulate the interaction of RBPs. Type I: as a scaffold, lncRNA SATB2‐AS1 can bind to WDR5 and GADD45A and recruit them to the promoter region of SATB2, thus cis‐activating the expression of SATB2. Type II: as a guide, RMST binds to the promoter regions of some SOX2 target genes and regulates the transcription of many common downstream target genes. Type III: as a decoy, HOTAIR blocks the interaction between AR and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which prevents AR ubiquitination and protein degradation, thereby stabilizing the AR protein. OIP5‐AS1 can function as an endogenous competing RNA for HuR, which sequesters it away from target mRNAs. (B) lncRNAs regulate the PTM of RBPs. I: Acetylation and MALAT1 reduce the acetylation of p53 by competing for the interaction with SIRT1 and DBC1. II: Methylation: lncRNA‐p21 not only disrupts the PRC2 complex, causing the release of EZH2, but also enhances the interaction of EZH2 and STAT3 to trigger STAT3 methylation. III: Ubiquitination and HOTAIR can interact with E3 ubiquitin ligases and their substrates, which enhances the ubiquitination and degradation of Ataxin‐1 and Snurportin‐1. IV: Phosphorylation: GAS5 interacts with YAP and enhances YAP phosphorylation, which facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting YAP signaling. Abbreviations: lncRNA, Long non‐coding RNA; RBP, RNA‐binding proteins; SATB2‐AS1, Special AT‐rich binding protein 2 antisense transcript 1; WDR5, WD repeat domain 5; GADD45A, Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha; SOX2, SRY‐box transcription factor 2; ASCL1, Achaete‐scute family BHLH transcription Factor 1; NEUROG2, Neurogenin 2; HEY2, Hes related family BHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2; DLX1, Distal‐Less homeobox 1; MDM2, Murine double minute2; Ub, Ubiquitination; AR, Androgen receptor; CCNA2, Cyclin A2; CCND1, Cyclin D1; MALAT1, Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; DBC1,Deleted in breast cancer‐1; SIRT1, Sirtuin 1; Acetyl, Acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1; EZH2, Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; SUZ12, Suppressor of zeste 12 homolog; EED, Embryonic ectoderm development; PRC2, Polycomb repressive complex 2; NED, Neuroendocrine differentiation; MET, Methyltransferases; YAP, Yes‐associated protein