Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participantsa
| Variables | Total | Carotid artery | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Abnormal | |||
| Number (%) | 10,920 | 5194 (47.6) | 5726 (52.4) | |
| Male, No. (%) | 4613 (42.2) | 1955 (37.6) | 2658 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 59.3 (8.9) | 56.1 (8.8) | 62.2 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| WC, mean (SD), cm | 86.8 (9.5) | 86.3 (9.4) | 87.2 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.4 (3.4) | 26.4 (3.4) | 26.4 (3.4) | 0.650 |
| SBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 163.9 (19.9) | 164.1 (20.2) | 166.2 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 90.9 (12.2) | 91.7 (12.2) | 90.2 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L | 6.6 (2.0) | 6.4 (1.8) | 6.7 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| TC, mean (SD), mmol/L | 4.92 (1.18) | 4.85 (1.17) | 4.98 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.34 (0.44) | 1.33 (0.45) | 1.35 (0.44) | 0.073 |
| TG, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.71 (0.97) | 1.73 (1.00) | 1.69 (0.95) | 0.287 |
| LDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L | 2.78 (0.97) | 2.71 (0.95) | 2.84 (0.99) | <0.001 |
| Household income, No. (%), Yuan/year | <0.001 | |||
| <10,000 | 1860 (17.0) | 703 (13.5) | 1157 (20.2) | |
| 10000-50000 | 5965 (54.6) | 2857 (55.0) | 3108 (54.3) | |
| ≥50,000 | 3095 (28.4) | 1634 (31.5) | 1461 (25.5) | |
| Education, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Primary or lower | 6152 (56.3) | 2655 (51.1) | 3497 (61.1) | |
| Secondary school | 4358 (39.9) | 2287 (44.0) | 2071 (36.2) | |
| College or above | 410 (3.8) | 252 (4.9) | 158 (2.7) | |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 2422 (22.2) | 980 (18.9) | 1442 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinker, No. (%) | 3214 (29.4) | 1401 (27.0) | 1813 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity level, mean (SD), MET-h/d | 16.8 (13.8) | 18.6 (14.4) | 15.1 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Sedentary leisure time, mean (SD), h/d | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) | 0.562 |
| CIMT, mean (SD), mm | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.3) | <0.001 |
aWC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.