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. 2021 Nov 30;7(1):70–92. doi: 10.1002/lio2.702

TABLE 2.

Oxford levels of evidence

Level Study design
1A Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
1B Individual randomized controlled trial
1C All or none case‐series
2A Systematic review of cohort studies
2B Individual cohort study
2C Outcomes research
3A Systematic review of case–control studies
3B Individual case–control study
4 Case‐series
5 Expert opinion