TABLE 3.

Multinomial logistic regression analysis predicting easy, medium, and difficult task choices based on dispositional optimism and affective states by country.

Raven’s decision		American			Chinese
		B (SE)	p	OR (95% CI)	B (SE)	p	OR (95% CI)
Easy vs. Medium	Constant	−0.25 (5.33)	0.96		−29.00 (16.36)	0.08
	Gender	−0.75 (0.61)	0.22	0.47 (0.14, 1.55)	−1.24 (0.83)	0.14	0.29 (0.06, 1.49)
	Optimism	−0.03 (0.21)	0.91	0.98 (0.65, 1.46)	1.11 (0.59)	0.06	3.04 (0.95, 9.66)
	Affective States	0.01 (0.12)	0.92	1.01 (0.80, 1.28)	0.82 (0.41)	0.05*	2.26 (1.01, 5.07)
	Affective States * Optimism	−0.001 (0.01)	0.89	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	−0.03 (0.02)	0.04*	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)
Medium vs. Difficult	Constant	16.91 (8.01)	0.04*		−2.52 (7.07)	0.72
	Gender	−0.91 (0.48)	0.06	0.40 (0.16, 1.03)	−2.02 (0.57)	0.01**	0.13 (0.04, 0.41)
	Optimism	−0.62 (0.29)	0.03*	0.54 (0.30, 0.95)	0.11 (0.24)	0.65	1.11 (0.69, 1.79)
	Affective States	−0.35 (0.18)	0.05*	0.71 (0.50, 1.00)	0.12 (0.17)	0.48	1.13 (0.81, 1.57)
	Affective States * Optimism	0.01 (0.01)	0.03*	1.01 (1.00, 1.03)	−0.003 (0.01)	0.54	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)
Easy vs. Difficult	Constant	16.66 (8.93)	0.06		−31.51 (16.47)	0.06
	Gender	−1.66 (0.70)	0.02*	0.19 (0.05, 0.75)	−3.26 (0.92)	0.01**	0.04 (0.01, 0.23)
	Optimism	−0.65 (0.33)	0.05*	0.52 (0.27, 1.00)	1.22 (0.59)	0.04*	3.38 (1.06, 10.81)
	Affective States	−0.33 (0.20)	0.09	0.72 (0.49, 1.06)	0.94 (0.42)	0.03*	2.55 (1.12, 5.79)
	Affective States * Optimism	0.01 (0.01)	0.07	1.01 (1.00, 1.03)	−0.04 (0.02)	0.02*	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)

Affective states were measured by the Brief Mood Introspection Scale; and optimism was measured by the Revised Life Orientation Test in the American sample and the Chinese Revised Life Orientation Test in the Chinese sample.

*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.