FIGURE 1.

The engineered metabolic pathway for (R)-AC synthesis in E. coli. The blue arrows indicate the engineered synthesis pathway of (R)-AC. The red cross marks indicate the disrupted pathways. budA and budB, the genes encoding α-acetolactate decarboxylase and α-acetolactate synthase from Enterobacter cloacae, respectively; nox, the gene encoding NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis; dar, diacetyl reductase gene; frdABCD, fumarate reductase gene; pflB, pyruvate formate lyase gene; ldhA, lactate dehydrogenase gene; pta, phosphotransacetylase gene; adhE, alcohol dehydrogenase gene.