Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the European Quality Study on Treatment in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
| Characteristics | Overall, n=1421 | Women, n=485 | Men, n=936 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr | 76 (7) | 77 (7) | 76 (6) |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| Low education | 437 (31) | 184 (38) | 253 (27) |
| Intermediate education | 767 (54) | 257 (53) | 510 (55) |
| High education | 217 (15) | 44 (9) | 173 (19) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 913 (64) | 203 (42) | 710 (76) |
| Divorced | 103 (7) | 45 (9) | 58 (6) |
| Widowed | 346 (24) | 209 (43) | 137 (15) |
| Never married | 59 (4) | 28 (6) | 31 (3) |
| One or more children, n (%) | 1256 (88) | 429 (89) | 827 (88) |
| Primary kidney disease, n (%) | |||
| Glomerular disease | 146 (10) | 39 (8) | 107 (11) |
| Tubulointerstitial disease | 127 (9) | 54 (11) | 73 (8) |
| Diabetes | 286 (20) | 83 (17) | 203 (22) |
| Hypertension | 516 (36) | 185 (38) | 331 (35) |
| Miscellaneous kidney disorders | 346 (24) | 124 (26) | 222 (24) |
| Weight, kg | 80 (17) | 73 (17) | 83 (17) |
| Height, cm | 168 (10) | 159 (7) | 173 (8) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28 (5) | 29 (6) | 28 (5) |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| Hyper-polypharmacy | 333 (23) | 115 (24) | 218 (23) |
| Antidepressant prescription | 96 (7) | 51 (11) | 45 (5) |
| Cardiovascular | |||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 143 (22) | 141 (22) | 144 (21) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 74 (11) | 74 (11) | 74 (11) |
| Hb, g/dl | 11.6 (1.5) | 11.5 (1.4) | 11.7 (1.5) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Current smoker | 123 (9) | 38 (9) | 85 (9) |
| Ex-smoker | 770 (54) | 170 (35) | 600 (64) |
| Never | 528 (37) | 277 (57) | 251 (27) |
| Blood chemistry | |||
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.8 (5.9) | 3.8 (5.8) | 3.8 (5.9) |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 9.2 (0.8) | 9.2 (0.8) | 8.8 (0.8) |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 174 (50) | 190 (54) | 166 (4.6) |
| PO4, mg/dl | 4.0 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.9) |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.6) |
| Kidney function | |||
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 17 (5) | 18 (6) | 17 (5) |
| UACR, mg/g | 292 [44–1221] | 177 [27–1027] | 363 [62–1292] |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 588 (41) | 177 (37) | 411 (44) |
| Chronic heart failure | 262 (18) | 84 (17) | 178 (19) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 210 (15) | 70 (14) | 140 (15) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 242 (17) | 61 (13) | 181 (19) |
| Myocardial infarction | 249 (18) | 52 (11) | 197 (21) |
| Angina pectoris | 217 (15) | 48 (10) | 169 (18) |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 347 (24) | 101 (21) | 246 (26) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 253 (18) | 88 (18) | 165 (18) |
| Hypertension | 1272 (90) | 432 (89) | 840 (90) |
| Short-Form 36 | |||
| Mental Component Summary | 65.6 (22.7) | 59.5 (22.7) | 68.8 (22.1) |
| Physical Component Summary | 50.3 (22.5) | 42.0 (21.2) | 54.6 (22.0) |
| Physical functioning | 51.2 (30.2) | 39.2 (28.9) | 57.5 (28.9) |
| Physical role functioning | 42.6 (43.1) | 33.5 (41.4) | 47.2 (43.3) |
| Emotional role functioning | 65.9 (42.8) | 58.6 (45.6) | 69.7 (40.7) |
| Bodily pain | 61.6 (29.8) | 50.3 (28.8) | 67.4 (28.6) |
| Social role functioning | 72.8 (27.9) | 67.2 (29.4) | 75.8 (26.7) |
| Mental health | 73.7 (20.3) | 68.6 (21.3) | 76.3 (19.3) |
| Vitality | 50.6 (23.4) | 44.1 (22.7) | 54.0 (23.0) |
| General health perceptions | 46.6 (18.2) | 46.1 (18.0) | 46.8 (18.3) |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD) except for UACR, which is presented as median [interquartile range]. BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; PO4, phosphate; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio; Short-Form 36, 36-Item Short Form Survey.