Table 2.

Annual decline in health-related quality of life in men and women sequentially adjusted for an expanding set of covariates

	Annual Change for Physical Component Summary (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value	Annual Change for Mental Component Summary (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Unadjusted change
Women	−1.1 (−2.0 to −0.1)		−1.6 (−2.6 to −0.7)
Men	−2.5 (−3.1 to −1.8)		−2.7 (−3.4 to −2.0)
Difference in change comparing women with men
Unadjusted model	1.4 (0.3 to 2.5)	0.01	1.1 (−0.1 to 2.2)	0.07
+ Demographics	1.2 (0.0 to 2.4)	0.06	0.8 (−0.4 to 2.1)	0.19
+ Medication	1.1 (−0.1 to 2.3)	0.07	0.8 (−0.5 to 2.0)	0.23
+ Cardiovascular	1.3 (0.1 to 2.6)	0.04	0.8 (−0.5 to 2.1)	0.22
+ Blood chemistry	1.2 (0.0 to 2.5)	0.06	0.7 (−0.7 to 2.0)	0.32
+ Kidney function	1.2 (−0.1 to 2.5)	0.08	0.5 (−0.9 to 1.8)	0.48
+ Comorbidities	1.2 (−0.1 to 2.5)	0.08	0.5 (−0.8 to 1.8)	0.46

The adjusted estimates for the difference between the sex-specific slopes for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can be compared with the estimates from the unadjusted model. The difference between the two estimates then represents the proportion of the association of sex on HRQOL slope that is explained through the covariates. Demographics include participant age, educational level, marital status, having children, primary kidney disease, and country. Medication covariates include hyper-polypharmacy and antidepressant prescription. Cardiovascular covariates include both systolic and diastolic BP, hemoglobin, smoking status, and body mass index. Blood chemistry covariates include serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, phosphate, and potassium. Kidney function covariates include eGFR and UACR. Comorbidity covariates include diabetes, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio.