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. 2022 Jan 25;10:770931. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.770931

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Copyright © 2022 Xu, Huang, He, He, Chen, Hou, Huang, Jiao, Liu, Zou, Liu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothesis of Mechanical Stimulation of HO: Mechanical stress initiates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in soft tissue. Stem cell fate of MSCs shifts from favoring lipogenic cells to osteogenic cells under mechanical loading. According to the published literature about HO, after the mechanical loading, the activations of the YAP/TAZ and mTORC1 pathway enable MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, and the decrease in PPARγ expression reduces the differentiation of MSC into adipocytes.