Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 7135) |
Men (n = 3187, 44.7%) |
Women (n = 3948, 55.3%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (s.d.), years | 62.18 (7.08) | 62.12 (6.96) | 62.22 (7.19) | 0.557 |
| BMI ≥ 27, n (%) | 3014 (42.2) | 1353 (42.5) | 1661 (42.1) | 0.764 |
| Height, mean (s.d.), cm | 169.10 (9.23) | 176.45 (6.74) | 163.17 (6.21) | <0.001 |
| Weight, mean (s.d.), kg | 76.66 (13.49) | 83.21 (12.23) | 71.38 (12.06) | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, mean (s.d.) | 0.89 (0.09) | 0.95 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Femoral neck bone mineral density, mean (s.d.), g/cm2 | 0.90 (0.14) | 0.94 (0.13) | 0.87 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Femoral neck bone mineral density, sex-specific tertiles, n (%) | 0.897 | |||
| Low (tertile 1) | 1950 (30.1) | 884 (30.4) | 1066 (29.9) | |
| Moderate (tertile 2) | 2252 (34.8) | 1009 (34.7) | 1243 (34.9) | |
| High (tertile 3) | 2267 (35.0) | 1012 (34.8) | 1255 (35.2) | |
| Alcohol intake, median (IQR), g/day | 6.43 (0.54, 15.00) | 8.57 (1.85, 20.75) | 2.50 (0.25, 8.57) | <0.001 |
| Any alcohol consumption, n (%) | 4651 (84.0) | 2162 (90.5) | 2489 (79.1) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 5143 (72.6) | 2357 (74.4) | 2786 (71.2) | <0.001 |
| Total physical activitya, median (IQR), MET h/week | 73.10 (45.41, 106.32) | 61.33 (35.11, 93.10) | 81.62 (55.85, 115.88) | <0.001 |
| Total physical activitya, sex-specific tertiles, n (%) | 0.363 | |||
| Low (tertile 1) | — | 724 (30.3) | 876 (28.6) | |
| Moderate (tertile 2) | — | 817 (34.2) | 1069 (34.8) | |
| High (tertile 3) | — | 848 (35.5) | 1123 (36.6) | |
| Education level (UNESCO), n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Primary | 802 (11.3) | 263 (8.3) | 539 (13.8) | |
| Lower | 2964 (41.9) | 920 (29.1) | 2044 (52.2) | |
| Intermediate | 2088 (29.5) | 1193 (37.7) | 895 (22.8) | |
| Higher | 1228 (17.3) | 789 (24.9) | 439 (11.2) | |
| Disability, n (%) | 786 (12.1) | 209 (7.2) | 577 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| Lower-limb disability, n (%) | 679 (10.4) | 196 (6.7) | 483 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Upper-limb disability, n (%) | 147 (2.3) | 26 (0.9) | 121 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Hip OA at baseline, n (%) | 364 (5.2) | 154 (4.9) | 210 (5.4) | 0.393 |
| Finger OA at baseline, n (%) | 1308 (21.9) | 447 (16.6) | 861 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Thumb OA at baseline, n (%) | 761 (12.7) | 234 (8.6) | 527 (16.1) | <0.001 |
a
For total physical activity the measurements from the third visit (RS-I-3) were used, as the measurement was not available at the first visit (RS-I-1). All the other measurements were available at the first visit of RS-I cohort. Therefore: n = 6106 (Overall), n = 2714 (Men), n = 3392 (Women). IQR: interquartile range; MET: metabolic equivalent of task.