TABLE 1.

Formulas and criteria for generating signals of ROR, PRR and MHRA.

Method	Formula	Criteria and threshold
ROR	$\text{ROR}=\frac{\left(\mathrm{a}/\mathrm{c}\right)}{\left(\mathrm{b}/\mathrm{d}\right)}$	a ≥ 3 and lower limit of 95%CI > 1
	$95\text{\%CI}={\text{e}}^{\text{ln}\left(\text{ROR}\right)\pm 1.96\sqrt{1/\text{a}+1/\text{b}+1/\text{c}+1/\text{d}}}$
PRR	$\text{PRR}=\frac{\mathrm{a}/\left(\mathrm{a+b}\right)}{\mathrm{c}/\left(\mathrm{c}/\mathrm{d}\right)}$	a ≥ 3, PRR ≥ 2 and lower limit of 95%CI > 1
	$95\text{\%CI}=e^{\text{ln}\left(\text{PRR}\right)\pm 1.96\sqrt{\sqrt{1/\text{a}+1/\text{b}+1/\text{c}+1/\text{d}}}}$
MHRA	${\text{x}}^2=\frac{\mathrm{n}{\left(|\mathrm{ad}-\mathrm{bc}|-\text{n}/2\right)}^2}{\left(\mathrm{a+b}\right)\left(\mathrm{a+c}\right)\left(\mathrm{b+c}\right)\left(\mathrm{c+d}\right)}$	a ≥ 3 and χ2 ≥ 4

a: number of reports containing both the suspect drug and the suspect ADR.

b: number of reports containing the suspect ADR with other medications (except the drug of a).

c: number of reports containing the suspect drug with other ADRs (except the event of a).

d: number of reports containing other medications and other ADRs.