Table 2.
Multiple Linear Regression Analyses for the Association Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Log-CRP Among Older Non-Hispanic Black Americans
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Neighborhood physical disadvantage | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.15) | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.06) | −0.08 (−0.21, 0.04) |
| Neighborhood social cohesion | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.11) |
| Hopelessness | — | −0.13 (−0.32, 0.06) | — |
| Neighborhood physical disadvantage * hopelessness | — | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10)* | — |
| Pessimism | — | — | −0.10 (−0.27, 0.07) |
| Neighborhood physical disadvantage * pessimism | — | — | 0.06 (0.00, 0.11)* |
| Age | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) |
| Gender | |||
| Men† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Women | 0.07 (−0.22, 0.35) | 0.07 (−0.20, 0.34) | 0.07 (−0.21, 0.34) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| High school/GED | −0.22 (−0.47, 0.03) | −0.19 (−0.45, 0.07) | −0.19 (−0.45, 0.07) |
| Some college | −0.23 (−0.49, 0.04) | −0.23 (−0.50, 0.04) | −0.21 (−0.49, 0.07) |
| Bachelor’s or higher | 0.06 (−0.24, 0.37) | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.31) | 0.07 (−0.22, 0.35) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/cohabiting† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 0.10 (−0.10, 0.31) | 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.32) |
| Never married | −0.29 (−0.74, 0.17) | −0.27 (−0.72, 0.19) | −0.32 (−0.80, 0.17) |
| Net household wealth | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) |
| Nativity | |||
| Born outside of the United States† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Born in the United States | 0.24 (−0.24, 0.72) | 0.22 (−0.23, 0.67) | 0.25 (−0.20, 0.70) |
| Depressive symptoms | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 3.90 (2.45, 5.34)*** | 3.91 (2.51, 5.30)*** | 4.12 (2.79, 5.45)*** |
| Currently smokes | |||
| No† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | 0.03 (−0.27, 0.32) | 0.03 (−0.22, 0.29) | 0.02 (−0.26, 0.30) |
| Chronic health conditions | 0.00 (−0.09, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.11, 0.09) |
| Blood pressure medication | |||
| No† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | −0.08 (−0.85, 0.68) | −0.14 (−0.89, 0.61) | −0.14 (−0.88, 0.60) |
| Diabetes medication | |||
| No† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | −0.07 (−0.33, 0.19) | −0.09 (−0.35, 0.18) | −0.05 (−0.32, 0.21) |
| Cholesterol medication | |||
| No† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | −0.19 (−0.43, 0.06) | −0.21 (−0.46, 0.04) | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) |
| Alcohol consumptions | |||
| None† | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Moderate | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.30) | −0.03 (−0.29, 0.24) | −0.04 (−0.31, 0.23) |
| High | 0.27 (−0.16, 0.70) | 0.28 (−0.16, 0.72) | 0.30 (−0.12, 0.72) |
| Intercept | −1.99 (−3.70, −0.27)* | −1.73 (−3.51, 0.04) | −1.89 (−3.62, −0.17)* |
| F | 3.01 | 2.96 | 3.96 |
| Complex design df | 49 | 49 | 49 |
| N | 729 | 721 | 716 |
Notes: Model 1—neighborhood characteristics and covariates; Model 2—neighborhood characteristics, covariates, and neighborhood physical disadvantage * hopelessness interaction term; Model 3—neighborhood characteristics, covariates, and neighborhood physical disadvantage * pessimism interaction term. B = regression coefficient; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein.
†Reference category.
*p < .05. ***p < .001.