Table 1.
Sample Characteristics, Midlife Development in the United States Study (N = 5,947)
| Sample | Race/Ethnicity Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| White Participants | Black Participants | ||
| Age, mean (SD) (range: 23–84) | 55 (13) | 56 (13) | 52 (12) |
| Sex, N (%) | |||
| Female | 3,282 (55.19) | 2,820 (53.59) | 462 (67.25) |
| Male | 2,665 (44.81) | 2,442 (46.41) | 223 (32.75) |
| Race/ethnicity status, N (%) | |||
| White participants | 5,262 (88.48) | — | — |
| Black participants | 685 (11.52) | — | — |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 345 (5.80) | 251 (4.77) | 94 (13.72) |
| High school or GED | 1,435 (24.12) | 1,248 (23.72) | 187 (27.30) |
| Some college | 1,206 (20.28) | 1,040 (19.76) | 166 (24.23) |
| College or more | 2,961 (49.79) | 2,723 (51.75) | 238 (34.74) |
| Annual household income, N (%) | |||
| <$25,000 | 1,245 (20.94) | 954 (18.12) | 291 (42.48) |
| $25,000–$44,999 | 1,003 (16.87) | 880 (16.71) | 123 (17.96) |
| $45,000–$69,999 | 1,116 (18.76) | 997 (18.94) | 119 (17.37) |
| >$70,000 | 2,583 (43.44) | 2,431 (46.17) | 152 (22.19) |
| Have a child, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 5,069 (85.24) | 4,484 (85.21) | 585 (85.40) |
| No | 878 (14.76) | 778 (14.79) | 100 (14.60) |
| Have a spouse, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 4,211 (70.81) | 3,936 (74.80) | 275 (40.15) |
| No | 1,736 (29.19) | 1,326 (25.20) | 410 (59.85) |
| Currently working, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 3,853 (64.79) | 3,428 (65.14) | 425 (62.04) |
| No | 2,094 (35.21) | 1,834 (34.85) | 260 (37.96) |
| Have any chronic conditions, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 4,672 (78.55) | 4,108 (78.07) | 564 (82.34) |
| No | 1,275 (21.45) | 1,154 (21.93) | 121(17.66) |
| Sample, N (%) | |||
| MIDUS2 | 3,809 (64.05) | 3,413 (64.86) | 396 (57.81) |
| Refresher | 2,138 (35.95) | 1,849 (35.14) | 289 (42.19) |
| Stressor scores, mean (SE) | |||
| Financial stress | — | −0.08 (0.01) | 0.60 (0.04) |
| Work psychological stress | — | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Work physical stress | — | −0.002 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.04) |
| Work–family conflict | — | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.12 (0.04) |
| Neighborhood stress | — | −0.06 (0.01) | 0.43 (0.05) |
| Perceived discrimination | — | −0.11 (0.01) | 0.82 (0.05) |
| Perceived inequality | — | −0.04 (0.01) | 0.32 (0.04) |
| Relationship stress | — | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.06 (0.04) |
| Adult stressful life events | — | −0.05 (0.01) | 0.42 (0.05) |
| Childhood stress | — | −0.07 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.06) |
| Cumulative stress exposures | — | −0.08 (0.01) | 0.61 (0.04) |
Notes: Percentages refer to the proportion of individuals within each category with that characteristic. Standard errors are reported because standard deviations are not available for multiply imputed data. The means and SEs of stressors in the full sample were not reported because all were standardized to have a mean of 0 and an SD of 1.