Table 3:
Baseline Characteristics of Participants according to Visual Grades of Paraseptal Emphysema
| Visual Grades | Absent | Mild | Substantial | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants (n = 4166) | 2429 (58) | 1010 (24) | 727 (18) | |
| Demographic information and race | ||||
| Age (y) | 61 ± 9 | 59 ± 9 | 60 ± 9 | <.001 |
| Height (cm)† | 169 ± 10 | 171 ± 10 | 173 ± 9 | <.001 |
| Weight (kg)† | 85 ± 20 | 85 ± 20 | 81 ± 18 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | 27 ± 5 | <.001 |
| No. of men | 1025 (42) | 562 (56) | 503 (69) | <.001 |
| No. of non-Hispanic White participants | 1873 (77) | 661 (65) | 478 (66) | <.001 |
| No. of African-American participants | 556 (23) | 349 (35) | 249 (34) | <.001 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No. of current smokers | 833 (34) | 560 (55) | 386 (53) | <.001 |
| Smoking history (pack-year)† | 39 ± 22 | 45 ± 24 | 49 ± 26 | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| No. of exacerbations in previous year‡ | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | <.001 |
| No. of participants with chronic bronchitis | 304 (13) | 173 (17) | 165 (23) | |
| Spirometry | ||||
| FEV1 (predicted %)† | 83 ± 22 | 81 ± 22 | 74 ± 24 | <.001 |
| FEV1-to-FVC ratio† | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | <.001 |
| GOLD stage | ||||
| No. of participants with PRISm | 311 (13) | 123 (12) | 61 (8) | |
| No. of participants with GOLD 0 | 1312 (54) | 471 (47) | 233 (32) | |
| No. of participants with GOLD 1 | 182 (8) | 106 (11) | 97 (13) | |
| No. of participants with GOLD 2 | 383 (16) | 213 (21) | 202 (28) | |
| No. of participants with GOLD 3 | 191 (8) | 85 (8) | 110 (15) | |
| No. of participants with GOLD 4 | 50 (2) | 12 (1) | 24 (3) | |
| 6-minute walk (ft)† | 1465 ± 370 | 1419 ± 354 | 1394 ± 350 | <.001 |
| MMRC‡ | 0 (2) | 0 (2) | 1 (3) | <.001 |
| SGRQ‡ | 13 (27) | 18 (31) | 25 (32) | <.001 |
| Emphysema (%LAA–950insp)† | 4.8 ± 7.7 | 3.8 ± 5.7 | 9.3 ± 10.6 | <.001 |
| Gas trapping (%LAA–856exp)† | 17.6 ± 16.3 | 17.0 ± 15.3 | 27.1 ± 20.0 | <.001 |
Note.—Except where indicated, data are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses. ADE = advanced destructive emphysema, BMI = body mass index, FEV1 = force expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC = forced vital capacity, GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, MMRC = Modified Medical Research Council, %LAA−950insp = percentage of lung volume with attenuation less than −950 HU at inspiration, %LAA−856exp = percentage of lung volume with attenuation less than −856 HU at expiration, PRISm = preserved ratio impaired spirometry, SGRQ = St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.
P values are for differences across emphysema grades, calculated with the χ2 test for categoric variables and with the F test from analysis of variance for continuous variables. The Kruskall-Wallis test was used for variables displayed as medians and interquartile ranges.
Numbers are means ± standard deviations.
Numbers are medians, with interquartile ranges in parentheses.