Extended Data Fig. 6. Variation in tree balance index J¹ versus clonal diversity D for an invasive glandular model with cell dispersal throughout the tumour and at the tumour boundary.

Results are shown for varied gland size (colours), driver mutation rate (columns) and sensitivity threshold (rows), with 100 stochastic simulations per model. Driver mutations with frequency below the sensitivity threshold (0.005, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.1) are removed from the model output before calculating J¹ and D. Non-varied parameter values are the same as in Fig. 2. Black points show values derived from multi-region sequencing of kidney cancers, lung cancers and breast cancers.