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. 2021 Dec 23;6(2):207–217. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01615-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a, Evolution and final spatial distribution of cell proliferation rates, for a model of tumour growth via gland fission (8,192 cells per gland). b, Final spatial distribution of mutation burdens. c-d, Results of a model in which tumour cells disperse between neighbouring glands and invade normal tissue (512 cells per gland). e-f, Results of a boundary-growth model of a non-glandular tumour. In all cases, the driver mutation rate is 10⁻⁵ per cell division, and driver fitness effects are drawn from an exponential distribution with mean 0.1. Other parameter values are listed in Supplementary Table 4.