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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hum Immunol. 2021 Feb 11;82(5):317–324. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.012

Figure 2. Molecular markers of trophoblast-differentiation.

Figure 2

Cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Common markers and differentiation markers are shown. GCM1 (glial cells missing transcription factor 1) is involved in differentiation to STBs, and hypoxia enhances differentiation to EVTs. CK7: cytokeratin 7, CK19; cytokeratin 19, ELF5: E74-like ETS transcription factor 5, hCG; human chorionic gonadotropin, hPL; human placental lactogen, TEAD4; TEA domain transcription factor 4, TP63; tumor protein 63, SDC1; syndecan 1.