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. 2021 Sep 9;31(3):423–439. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddab262

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Mitochondrial respiration using mitophagy enhancers treated HT22 cells and mutant APPHT22 cells. To determine the effects of mitophagy enhancers on mt respiration, we assessed the maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cells treated with mitophagy enhancers urolithin A (10 μM), actionine (2 μM), tomatidine (1 μM) and nicotinamide riboside (2 μM) HT22 cells using an XFe96-well Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience). As shown in Figure 8a significantly increased maximal OCR in HT22 cells treated with mitophagy enhancers relative to untreated HT22 cells, indicating that all mitophagy enhancers showed increased maximal OCR, however, Urolithin A maximal respiration is the highest. We also assessed the maximal (OCR, ATP and proton leaks in mAPPHT22 cells treated with mitophagy enhancers urolithin A (10 μM), actionin (2 μM), tomatidine (1 μM) and NAD (2 μM) using Seahorse Bionalyzer. As shown in Figure 8, increased maximal OCR was observed in mAPPHT22 cells treated with UA, actionin, tomatidine and nicotinamide riboside relative to untreated mAPPHT22 cells, indicating that mitophagy enhancers showed increased maximal OCR and ATP.

Mitochondrial respiration using mitophagy enhancers treated HT22 cells and mutant APPHT22 cells. To determine the effects of mitophagy enhancers on mt respiration, we assessed the maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cells treated with mitophagy enhancers urolithin A (10 μM), actionine (2 μM), tomatidine (1 μM) and nicotinamide riboside (2 μM) HT22 cells using an XFe96-well Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience). As shown in Figure 8a significantly increased maximal OCR in HT22 cells treated with mitophagy enhancers relative to untreated HT22 cells, indicating that all mitophagy enhancers showed increased maximal OCR, however, Urolithin A maximal respiration is the highest. We also assessed the maximal (OCR, ATP and proton leaks in mAPPHT22 cells treated with mitophagy enhancers urolithin A (10 μM), actionin (2 μM), tomatidine (1 μM) and NAD (2 μM) using Seahorse Bionalyzer. As shown in Figure 8, increased maximal OCR was observed in mAPPHT22 cells treated with UA, actionin, tomatidine and nicotinamide riboside relative to untreated mAPPHT22 cells, indicating that mitophagy enhancers showed increased maximal OCR and ATP.