Table 1.

Model parameter ranges

Parameter	Value
Bending modulus $K_B$	62.5–200 $\mathrm{pNnm}$
Spontaneous curvature $c_o$	0–0.04 $\mathrm{n}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$
Pressure difference $\mathrm{\Delta }p$	2–10 $\mathrm{kPa}$
Spreading force parameter $\lambda$	2–6  $\mathrm{pN}/\mathrm{nm}$
Surface tension parameter $\gamma$	1.6 $\mathrm{pN}/\mathrm{nm}$
Gaussian bending modulus $K_G$	−0.8 $K_B$

The terms describe (1) the bending energy over the closed membrane surface(s) of the cell plate, which depends on the local curvature or the spontaneous curvature of the membrane, given by $c_o$, and the bending modulus, given by${\mathrm{ }K}_B$, (2) the pressure energy which results from the difference in osmotic pressure between the inside and the outside of the cell plate, represented by $\mathrm{\Delta }p$, (3) the energy associated with the surface tension of the membrane, which depends on the local surface tension, given by $\gamma$, (4) the Gaussian bending energy, and (5) the term of spreading/stabilizing force.