Table 1.
Landmark glaucoma clinical trials and each of the functional, structural, and intraocular pressure criteria used in glaucoma diagnosis or enrollment.
| Trial | Year | IOP (mmHg) criteria | Visual field criteria | Structural criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Glaucoma Laser Trial (GLT) (1) | 1991 | >21 | Glaucomatous visual field defect/deterioration on Program 32 (1) | None |
| ≥27 | - | cup/disc ratio disparity ≥0.3 | ||
| ≥31 | - | cup/disc ratio ≥0.8 | ||
| The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) (2) | 1994 | >21 | Visual field defect score of at least (25) | - |
| 17–21 | Visual field deterioration | Disc rim deterioration | ||
| Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS) (19) | 1998 | ≤24* | Glaucomatous visual field defect/deterioration on Program 32 (19) | Glaucomatous disc judged by physicians |
| The Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) (13) | 1999 | ≥20 | At least three contiguous points on the total deviation probability plot at the <2% level and a Glaucoma Hemifield Test result that is “outside normal limits,” (25) | Glaucomatous optic disc |
| 20–26 | At least two contiguous points in the same hemifield on the total deviation probability plot at the <2% level (25) | Glaucomatous optic disc | ||
| ≥27 | - | Glaucomatous optic disc | ||
| Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) (20) | 1999 | ≥24 and ≤32* | Corrected pattern standard deviation <0.05 OR glaucoma hemifield test outside normal limits (26) | - |
| - | Stereoscopic optic disc photographs showing a change in the position of vessels (greater than expected by eye movement), development of notch, pit, or development of thinning or pallor in the neural rim. | |||
| Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) (21) | 1999 | <30* | Glaucoma hemifield test outside normal limits (26) | - |
| Glaucoma hemifield test borderline (26) | Glaucomatous optic disc features correspond to visual field | |||
| The European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS) (22) | 2002 | >21 to ≤29* | Deterioration from baseline (22) | - |
| - | Deterioration from baseline | |||
| Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study (LoGTS) (23) | 2005 | ≤21* | At least 3 contiguous points depressed more than 8 decibels or 2 contiguous points depressed more than 10 decibels (23) | Glaucomatous optic disc consistent with visual field |
| UK Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS) (18) | 2013 | <30* | Reduction in sensitivity at 2 or more contiguous points with P <0.01 loss or more, 3 or more contiguous points with P <0.05 loss or more, or a 10-dB difference across the nasal horizontal midline at 2 or more adjacent points in the total deviation plot (27). | Cup-to-disc ratio of ≥0.7, focal narrowing of the neural rim, or both |
*
These intraocular pressure thresholds were used for enrollment, rather than for establishing the diagnosis.