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. 2022 Jan 26;11:795548. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.795548

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Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Zhang, Xu, Zhou, Yuan and Xu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of molecular targets in tumor cells for liver cancer drug development. LHRH, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone; EGF, epidermal growth factor; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase. The figure shows the following two major pathways implicated in HCC: the Raf/MEK/Erk pathway, which is the prototypical MAPK cascade (35), and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (36).