Table 2.
Extracellular pH reported in tumours. Measurement methods are chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS), paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST), 13C-labelled zymonic acid (ZA), variable radio frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging (VRF PEDRI), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and pH microelectrode
| Model | Method | pHe | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer (MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice) | CEST-MRI | 6.30–6.90 | [109] |
| Hepatoma (McA-RH7777) | CEST-MRI | ~ 6.80 | [109] |
| Glioblastoma | BIRDS | 6.90 ± 0.01 | [110] |
| Bronchial tumours | pH-microelectrode | 6.46 ± 0.35 | [111] |
| Nonmetastatic breast cancer (TUBO) | CEST-MRI | 6.84 ± 0.03 | [114] |
| Triple negative breast cancer (4T1) | CEST-MRI | 6.79 ± 0.02 | [114] |
| Metastatic breast cancer (TS/A) | CEST-MRI | 6.80 ± 0.03 | [114] |
| Spontaneous lobular carcinoma (BALB-neuT) | CEST-MRI | 6.96 ± 0.03 | [114] |
| Hepatic carcinoma | CEST-MRI | 6.66 ± 0.19 | [115] |
| Hepatic hemangioma | CEST-MRI | 7.34 ± 0.09 | [115] |
| Glioma (U87) | CEST-MRI | 7.00 ± 0.1 | [116] |
| Glioma (U87) | CEST-MRI | 6.60 ± 0.1 | [116] |
| Breast cancer (MCF-7) | PARACEST-MRI | ~ 6.50 | [117] |
| MATB III adenocarcinoma | ZA-MRI | 6.82–7.11 | [118] |
| Breast cancer (C57Bl/6 Met-1) | VRF PEDRI | 6.80 ± 0.10 | [119] |
| Pancreatic cancer (MIA-PaCa-2) | EPR | ~ 7.05 | [120] |
| Pancreatic cancer (SU.86.86) | EPR | ~ 6.90 | [120] |
| Pancreatic cancer (Hs766t) | EPR | ~ 6.91 | [120] |
| Prostate cancer (LNCap) | CEST-MRI | 6.78 ± 0.29 | [121] |
| Prostate cancer (PC-3) | CEST-MRI | 7.23 ± 0.10 | [121] |