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. 2021 Aug 2;188(2):769–781. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab363

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A live-imaging method enables long-term observation of stamen development in A. thaliana. A, Wild-type flower after anthesis when stamens reach the stigma; sepal and petals are removed to access the internal organs. B and C, Abaxial (B) and adaxial (C) views of the mature stamen before anthesis. D, Top view of inflorescence before (left) and after (right) dissection of older flowers. Arrowhead indicates the flower bud (at stage 5) to be dissected for imaging. E, Dissected inflorescence (after removal of abaxial sepal from the flower bud) mounted on one-half MS medium. Arrowheads indicate long stamen primordia. F, Confocal image of dissected flower bud shown in (E) with plasma membrane marker in green. G and H, Time-lapse series of the developing stamen primordia, imaged at 24 h intervals. Imaging from the abaxial side (G) and from the top (H). I, Time-lapse series of filament elongation, imaged at 24 h intervals. White signal in (G–I) represents plasma membrane marker in the epidermis projected on the digitally extracted organ surface. DAI indicates days after primordium initiation. Scale bars, 250 µm in (A–D and I); 1 cm, 500 µm, and 50 µm from left to right in (E); 50 µm in (F–H).