Figure 3.

Images of inferior vena cava injury at different time points (1, 3, and 7 days) after ligation. (A) HE staining showing that the continuity and integrity of blood vessels were disrupted following inferior vena cava ligation, and the vessel wall was most severely damaged 3 days after ligation (×40 µm). The black arrows indicate the morphology of the inferior vena cava vessel wall in rats treated with different methods. (B) TUNEL staining showing that venous blood vessel apoptosis was most obvious at 3 days after ligation (×40 µm). The white arrow indicates the apoptotic tissue in the inferior vena cava vessel wall of the rat. IVCL, inferior vena cava ligation; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.