Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion of criteria
Adults aged 16–99 years	Patients who have old spinal injuries
All mechanisms of traumatic injuries	Children under 16 years old
Papers published since 1990	Patients who are known to be immunocompromised and not deemed as “healthy patients”
Written in English only	Animal studies, in vitro, simulations in virtual reality or by computer