Figure 3.

Schematic illustration of approaches for producing human islet-like organoids. (A) Methods of constructing islet organoid 3D structure by cellular self-aggregation, including seeding cells on ultra-low-attachment plates, in spinning flasks, on biomaterial coated plates, by hanging drop and in microwell platform. (B) Mixing human islet lineage cells with hydrogel and generating 3D structure by 3D bioprinting or biomaterial embedment. (C) Methods of maintaining human islet organoids, including basketed in 3D-printed scaffold; seeded into decellularized pancreatic scaffold to form native like structure; cultured on a chip which makes it possible to model inter-organ communication in diabetes pathogenesis.