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. 2022 Jan 16;12(4):1683–1714. doi: 10.7150/thno.67775

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Biogenesis and uptake of EVs. EVs are kinds of two-layer vesicles secreted by cells, with diverse bioactive molecules inside, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. The biogenesis of EVs has different ways according to exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. After EVs are distributed in vivo, they are finally taken up by target cells. EVs can be internalized by recipient cells in three ways: endocytosis, receptor-mediated cell signaling, and phagocytosis.