Figure 5.

Engineering methods of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. A) Schematic illustration of the EVs modified with CD47 on membrane surface to achieve mononuclear phagocyte system blockade. Adapted with permission from ¹⁴⁷. Copyright Year 2021, Elsevier. B) The effects of DOX@Exos-PH20-FA on TME regulation programs indicate that this leads to increased uptake of DDS by tumors and a shift in the immune microenvironment from immunosuppression to immune support for cancer treatment. Adapted with permission from ¹⁵². Copyright Year 2021, Elsevier. C) ICG/PTX@RGE-EV can effectively target glioma to enact the Caspase-3 pathway through chemotherapy-hyperthermia in commitment to glioma cell apoptosis, which implies cancer development is smothered. Adapted with permission from ¹⁶¹. Copyright Year 2021, Springer Nature. D) Schematic diagram of P-EVs fabrication and its targeted therapy towards angiogenesis. Adapted with permission from ¹⁶⁷. Copyright Year 2021, IVYSPRING.