Table 1.
Drug loading methods in EVs.
| EVs sources | Loading content | Loading method | Loading results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostste cancer cell (LNCaP and PC-3 PCa) | PTX | Incubate 1×108-5×109 EVs/mL in 1 mL of 5 μM PTX-DPBS solution for 1 h at 22ºC. | Loading efficiency is 9.2 ± 4.5%. | 131 |
| Human lung cancer cell (A549) | PTX and oncolytic adenovirus | Incubation with mixing for 1 h and carried out at RT. Samples were then centrifuged at 150,000 × g for 2 h at RT, to pellet EV-Virus-PTX. | The UPLC assessed concentration of the PTX control sample shows a 38% loss of PTX. | 132 |
| Mouse lung cancer cell (LL/2) | PTX and oncolytic adenovirus | For in vitro samples, incubating 1 × 108-5 × 109 EVs in 1 mL of 5 μM PTX-PBS solution, and 10 μM PTX-PBS solution for in vivo samples, for 1 h at 22ºC. | The Cryo-EM images demonstrated that the free virus was less frequent compared to the encapsulated virus. | 133 |
| Human CRC cell line (LIM1215) | DOX | Mix 200 μg exosomes with 20 μg DOX for 5 min dialyzed overnight in PBS. This followed with mixing with A33Ab-US overnight at 4ºC at the optimal proportion. | The DOX encapsulation efficiency and loading capacities were about 9.06% and 2.60%. | 134 |
| Human hepatocarcinoma cell line (Bel7402) | PSiNPs with DOX inside | After 16 h incubation, the debris was discarded at 5,000 g for 15 min and then the supernatants were further centrifuged at 20,000 g for 30 min. | It can strongly be confirmed that the membrane that sheathed PSiNPs in E-PSiNPs is exosomes. | 135 |
| Human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) | Olaparib (PARP inhibitor) | Electroporation was performed at 150 mF and 350 V using a Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporatoin System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) in electroporation cuvettes. | The size ranging from 30 to 200 nm diameter. | 136 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | Dexamethasone | Electroporation | The particles were < 500 nm in size, and electroporation didn't fundamentally adjust the morphology of these particles. | 137 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) | DVDMS and 1 μg/μL exosomes were mixed in different ratios (1:30, 1:15.5, 1:7.5, 1:3), and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. | Loading efficiency is 5.18%. | 138 |
| Ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3) | Cas9-/sgRNA-expressing plasmids | 30 μg of exosomes was mixed with 10 μg of DNA in R buffer from the Neon kit (Invitrogen) before electroporation. After electroporation, exosomes were washed a few times with PBS. | Loading efficiency is 1.75%. | 139 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | miR‐155, miR‐142, and let‐7i | Electroporation | In the aforementioned groups, the level of mir‐155, miR‐142, and let7i increased to 31.47, 47.2, and 44.13‐fold respectively in modified TEXs | 140 |
Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; DOX: doxorubicin; PTX: paclitaxel; RT: room temperature; UPLC: ultra performance liquid chromatography.