Table 2.
Studies on the use of TDEVs as drug delivery systems in cancer treatment.
| EVs sources | Durg | Disease models | EVs isolation | Loading | Engineering | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostste cancer cell (LNCaP and PC-3 PCa) | PTX | Prostate cancer | Differential ultracentrifugation | Incubation | None | TDEVs can be utilized as viable transporters of PTX to their parental cells. They carry the drug into the cells through an endocytic pathway, so it can increase its cytotoxicity. | 131 |
| Human lung cancer cell (A549) | PTX and oncolytic adenovirus | Human lung cancer | Differential ultracentrifugation | Incubation | None | Joined therapy of OVs and PTX encapsulated in EV has improved anticancer impacts both in vitro and in vivo in lung cancer models. | 132 |
| Mouse lung cancer cell (LL/2) | PTX and oncolytic adenovirus | Lung cancer | Ultracentrifugation | Incubation | None | This study emphatically supports the fundamental organization of EVs formulations with OVs alone or in blend with chemotherapy agents as a novel strategy pointed toward treating essential and metastatic malignant growths. | 133 |
| Human CRC cell line (LIM1215) | DOX | Colon cancer | Ultracentrifugation | Incubation | A33Ab-US | In vivo study showed that A33Ab-US-Exo/DOX had astounding cancer focusing on capacity, and had the option to restrain cancer development and drag out the endurance of the mice with decreased cardiotoxicity. | 134 |
| Human hepatocarcinoma cell line (Bel7402) | PSiNPs with DOX inside | Hepatocarcinoma | Ultracentrifugation | Endogenous drug loading | None | These properties endow DOX@E-PSiNPs with extraordinary in vivo enrichment of incomplete cancer cells and side populace cells with provisions of CSCs, bringing about anticancer action and CSCs decrease in orthotopic, subcutaneous, and metastatic tumor models. | 135 |
| Human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) | Olaparib (PARP inhibitor) | Breast cancer | ExoQuick™ | Electroporation | SPIO remark | This novel theranostic stage can be used as a compelling system to screen exosomes in vivo and convey therapeutics to hypoxic tumors. | 136 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | Dexamethasone | Breast cancer | Commercial isolation kit | Electroporation | None | It accomplished the hybridization of AIEgen and biological tumor-exocytosed exosomes interestingly, and join PDT approaches with normalizing the intratumoral vasculature as a method for lessening nearby tissue hypoxia. | 137 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) | Breast cancer | Ultracentrifugation | Incubation | Ultrasound-responsive | The exosomal detailing filled in as a functionalized nanostructure and worked with concurrent imaging and cancer metastasis restraint, which were respectively 3-folds and 10-folds higher than that of free form. | 138 |
| Ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3) | Cas9-/sgRNA-expressing plasmids | Ovarian cancer | ExoQuick™ | Electroporation | None | The hindrance of PARP-1 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome altering upgrades the chemosensitivity to cisplatin, showing synergistic cytotoxicity. | 139 |
| Mouse breast cancer cell (4T1) | miR‐155, miR‐142, and let‐7i | Breast cancer | Differential ultracentrifugation | Electroporation | None | It enhances the immune stimulation ability and induces potent DCs. | 140 |
Abbreviations: CSCs: cancer stem cells; DOX: doxorubicin; OVs: oncolytic virus; PTX: paclitaxel.