Table 2.
Patient demographics and relevant outcomes for included studies
| Authors | Sample size | Frailty measure | Female N (%) | Frail N (%) | Relevant outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McGuckin et al. [26] | 38 | CFS | 18 (47) | 11 (29) |
30-day mortality Frail patients: 2/11 (18.2%) Non-frail patients: 1/27 (3.7%) Unadjusted OR = 5.78 Length of stay Frail patients: mean 54.2 days (SD = 77.3) Non-frail patients: mean 38.3 days (SD = 54.0) |
| Tan et al. [27] | 109 | MFI | 51 (47) | 22 (20) |
Loss of functional independence at 1 year Compare to patients with MFI 1–2, patients with MFI ≥ 3 has an unadjusted OR 4.42 for the outcome Complications Frail patients: 1/22 (4.5%) Non-frail patients: 6/87 (6.9%) Unadjusted OR = 0.64 Length of stay Frail patients: mean 15.5 days (SD = 9.6) Non-frail patients: mean 14.3 days (SD = 9.7) |
| Parmar et al. [28] | 937 | CFS | 540 (58) | 190 (20) |
90-day mortality Frail patients: 62/189 (32.8%) Non-frail patients:121/741 (16.3%) Unadjusted OR = 2.50 Compare to patients with CFS = 1, the adjusted ORs were 0.84, 1.38, 3.15, 3.18, 6.10 for CFS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7(adjusted for age and sex) 30-day mortality Frail patients: 50/190 (26.3%) Non-frail patients: 87/747 (11.6%) Unadjusted OR = 2.71 Compare to patients with CFS = 1, the adjusted ORs were 2.05, 3.11, 7.49, 9.79 and 10.40 for CFS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7 (adjusted for age and sex) Length of stay Compare to patients with CFS = 1, the adjusted ORs were 1.21, 1.26, 1.48, 1.44 and 1.62 for CFS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7 |
| Carter et al. [29] | 934 | CFS | 538 (58) | 189 (20) |
Increased level of care Frail patents: 101/189 (53.4%) Non-frail patients: 248/745 (33.3%) Unadjusted OR 2.30 Compare to patients with CFS = 1, the adjusted ORs were 2.14, 1.84, 4.48, 5.94 and 7.88 for CFS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7 (adjusted for sex, age and care level before admission) Length of stay Compared to patients with CFS = 1, the adjusted HRs were 0.74, 0.66, 0.50, 0.52 and 0.55 for CFS 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7 (adjusted for sex, age and care level before admission) |
| Arteaga et al. [30] | 92 | CFS | 49 (53) | 23 (25) |
30-day mortality Frail patients: 6/23 (26.1%) Non-frail patients: 4/69 (5.8%) Unadjusted OR = 2.71 Complications Frail patients: 9/23 (39.1%) Non-frail patients: 11/69 (15.9%) Unadjusted OR = 3.39 |
| Vilches-Moraga et al. [31] | 113 | CFS | 60 (53) | 37 (33) |
1-year mortality Frail patients: 22/37 (59.5%) Non-frail patients: 22/76 (28.9) Unadjusted OR 3.60 Compare to non-frail patients, frail patients had an adjusted HR of 5.40 (adjusted for ASA, reduced mobility and, peri-operative geriatric team) |
MFI Modified Frailty Index, OR Odds Ratio, CFS Clinical Frailty Scale, HR Hazard Ratio