TABLE 3.
Vector-borne pathogens detected in ticks from Serbia using microfluidic PCR.
| Vector-borne pathogen(s) | Total | % | 95% CIa |
| Total infected ticks (≥1 pathogen) | 63 | 67.74 | 58.06–77.42 |
| Rickettsia spp. | 41 | 44.09 | 33.81–54.37 |
| Rickettsia helvetica | 31 | 33.33 | 23.57–43.09 |
| Rickettsia monacensis | 5 | 5.38 | 0.71–10.05 |
| Rickettsia felis | 4 | 4.30 | 0.10–8.50 |
| Borrelia spp. | 18 | 19.35 | 11.17–27.54 |
| Borrelia garinii | 8 | 8.60 | 2.80–14.41 |
| Borrelia afzelii | 7 | 7.53 | 2.06–12.99 |
| Borrelia spielmanii | 5 | 5.38 | 0.71–10.05 |
| Borrelia miyamotoi | 4 | 4.30 | 0.10–8.50 |
| Borrelia lusitaniae | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Borrelia bissettii | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Anaplasma spp. | 18 | 19.35 | 11.17–27.54 |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | 9 | 9.68 | 3.56–15.80 |
| Ehrlichia spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Neoehrlichia mikurensis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Apicomplexa | 18 | 19.35 | 11.17–27.54 |
| Babesia microti | 3 | 3.23 | 0.0–6.88 |
| Babesia canis | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Babesia venatorum | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Hepatozoon spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Single infections | 35 | 37.63 | 27.60–47.67 |
| Rickettsia spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Rickettsia helvetica | 16 | 17.20 | 9.39–25.02 |
| Rickettsia monacensis | 3 | 3.23 | 0.0–6.88 |
| Rickettsia felis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Borrelia spp. | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Borrelia miyamotoi | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Anaplasma spp. | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | 3 | 3.23 | 0.0–6.88 |
| Apicomplexa | 5 | 5.38 | 0.71–10.05 |
| Mixed infections | 28 | 30.11 | 20.61–39.61 |
| Mixed infections with two pathogens | 15 | 16.13 | 8.51–23.74 |
| Anaplasma spp. + Apicomplexa | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| R. helvetica + A. phagocytophilum | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| R. helvetica + Apicomplexa | 2 | 2.15 | 0.0–5.15 |
| Rickettsia spp. + A. phagocytophilum | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. monacensis + A. phagocytophilum | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Anaplasma spp. + B. microti | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Anaplasma spp. + B. garinii | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. helvetica + B. canis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. garinii + B. afzelii | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. helvetica + A. phagocytophilum | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. helvetica + R. felis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. miyamotoi + Rickettsia spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Mixed infections with three pathogens | 7 | 7.53 | 2.06–12.99 |
| B. garinii + B. spielmanii + R. felis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. lusitaniae + R. monacensis + Apicomplexa | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. garinii + R. helvetica + Hepatozoon spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. helvetica + Anaplasma spp. + Apicomplexa | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| R. helvetica + R. felis + B. canis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. afzelii + B. garinii + B. spielmanii | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. afzelii + B. spielmanii + B. bissettii | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Mixed infections with four pathogens | 5 | 5.38 | 0.71–10.05 |
| B. afzelii + B. spielmanii + R. helvetica + B. microti | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. garinii + B. afzelii + B. lusitaniae + Anaplasma spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. burgdorferi + B. afzelii + R. helvetica + Anaplasma spp. | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. garinii + B. spielmanii + R. helvetica + B. venatorum | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Borrelia spp. + R. helvetica + A. phagocytophilum + N. mikurensis | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Mixed infections with five pathogens | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| B. garinii + B. afzelii + B. miyamotoi + R. helvetica + B. microti | 1 | 1.08 | 0.0–3.21 |
| Non-detected | 30 | 32.26 | 22.58–41.96 |
a95% confidence interval, Yates continuity correction performed.