Table 2.
Sample characteristics by cohort at study entry.
| Clinical Measure | Healthy Control (n = 49) | Subthreshold-AD (n = 82) | AD (n = 51) | One-Way ANOVA P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 10.43 (0.82) | 10.50 (0.85) | 10.63 (0.78) | 0.489 |
| IQ (WASI), mean (SD) | 113.92 (12.58) | 116.77 (16.36) | 113.94 (14.11) | 0.449 |
| PDS scores, mean (SD) | 1.61 (0.50) | 1.91 (0.55) | 1.78 (0.58) | 0.010a |
| Tanner Staging scores, mean (SD) | 1.64 (0.76) | 1.80 (0.74) | 1.82 (0.93) | 0.446 |
| Parent SCARED (Anxiety), mean (SD) | 3.04 (2.98) | 18.93 (9.17) | 31.02 (10.50) | <0.001b |
| Child SCARED (Anxiety), mean (SD) | 6.92 (5.71) | 23.65 (10.10) | 33.40 (13.12) | <0.001b |
| CGI-S (Global Impression), mean (SD) | 1.00 (0.00) | 2.45 (0.50) | 4.16 (0.46) | <0.001b |
| CDI (Depression), mean (SD) | 40.40 (3.85) | 44.74 (5.71) | 50.02 (8.86) | <0.001b |
| ACE-Related SLES (Life Stressors) Count, mean (SD) | 1.57 (1.89) | 3.10 (2.85) | 3.63 (3.57) | 0.001c |
| CPRS (ADHD), mean (SD) | 45.40 (3.75) | 55.25 (9.98) | 58.90 (11.98) | <0.001d |
WASI Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence, PDS pubertal development scale, SCARED screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders, CGI-S clinical global impression scale-severity, CDI child depression inventory, ACE adverse childhood experiences, SLES stressful life events schedule, CPRS-R Conners’ parent rating scale-revised.
aSignificant main effect of group (P < 0.05) in one-way ANOVA. Post-hoc Tukey indicates subthreshold-AD > controls (P = 0.007).
bSignificant main effect of group (P < 0.001) in one-way ANOVA. Post-hoc Tukey indicates stepwise progression (controls < subthreshold-AD < AD; all P < 0.001).
cSignificant main effect of group (P = 0.001) in one-way ANOVA. Post-hoc Tukey indicates subthreshold-AD and AD groups do not differ, but both are higher than controls (P < 0.05).
dSignificant main effect of group (P < 0.001) in one-way ANOVA. Post-hoc Tukey indicates subthreshold-AD and AD groups do not differ, but both are higher than controls (P < 0.001).