Table 2:

Sugar intake and levels of inflammation and angiogenesis-related biomarkers

Sugar intake, mean ± SD (range)
Calories/day
Sucrose	256 ± 119 (63–779)
Glucose	84.0 ± 51.6 (19–370)
Fructose	109 ± 66.0 (22–511)
Percentage of calories per day/ total calories
Sucrose	10% ± 3% (0.0–20)
Glucose	0.0% ± 2% (0.0–10)
Fructose	0.0% ± 2% (0.0–20)
Inflammation and angiogenesis-related biomarkers, mean ± SD (range)
CRP (mg/L)	4.4 ± 4 (0.2–23)
SAA (mg/L)	9.2 ± 15 (0.6–120)
sICAM-1 (mg/L)	0.4 ± 0.16 (0.2–1.5)
sVCAM-1 (mg/L)	0.6 ± 0.19 (0.3–1.6)
VEGFA (pg/L)	796 ± 589 (93–3,506)
VEGFD (pg/L)	857 ± 303 (226–1944)
IL-6 (pg/ml)	1.8 ± 10 (0.2–117)
IL-8 (pg/ml)	26.9 ± 90 (22.4–1116)
MCP-1 (pg/ml)	184 ± 108 (22.4–1116)
TNFα (pg/L)	1.2 ± 0.49 (0.4–3.5)

Abbreviations: standard deviation (SD), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (SICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (SVCAM-), picogram (pg), liter (L), milligram (mg)