Fig. 6.

Microbial co-culture on a human intestinal epithelial monolayer in a gut-on-a-chip. Bacteria were cultured on the surface of a Caco-2 cell monolayer grown within a gut-on-a-chip (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a control, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7715 probiotic and Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis HY8002 probiotic; seeding density 1 × 10⁸ cells/mL). Fluorescence views from above of probiotics and Caco-2 cell co-cultured for 5 days and viewed at low and high (white-dotted rectangle) magnification, which shows microcolonies of the bacteria (green spots) that remain tightly adherent to the apical surface of the Caco-2 cell monolayer after exposure to continuous fluidic flow. Scale bars are 100 μm