Figure 1.

Cumulative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality data and location quotient (LQ) estimates in ascending order across the 27 European Union (EU) member countries. Most recent estimates (by 31 October 2021). An LQ <1 denotes fewer COVID-19 deaths than expected (a more favorable outcome), while an LQ >1 signifies more COVID-19 deaths than expected (a more unfavorable outcome). We allowed LQ estimates close to 1 (between 0.90 and 1.10) to be considered an average profile for group classification.