Figure 4.

Association between the share of fully vaccinated (current and lagged values) and location quotient (LQ) change across European Union members. A significant negative association appears after July 2021. That is, higher vaccination coverage will be followed by reductions in LQ, namely an improvement on cumulative mortality (vice versa, a lower vaccination coverage will be followed by a growth in LQ and worsen cumulative mortality rankings). Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a nonparametric measure of association; +1 means a perfect positive correlation; –1 a perfect negative correlation. ∗P < .001; ∗∗P = .002; ∗∗∗P = .02. All associations before June 2021 lack significance. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.