Figure 8.

Schematic diagram of the role of Piezo1 in OA. Mechanical force activates Piezo1 on articular cartilage cells, induces Ca²⁺ overload, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress, leading to inflammation and apoptosis of chondrocytes. Cartilage cell damage leads to exudation of interstitial fluid and inflammatory infiltration. Inflammatory infiltration damages the nascent cartilage tissue, and exudation leads to increased intra-articular pressure, further activating Piezo1, creating a vicious injury cycle.