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Schematic diagram of the role of Piezo1 in spinal degeneration. Piezo1 on the nucleus pulposus cells senses mechanical stretching and induces Ca2+ influx, which initiates the inflammatory pathways of NF-κB and NLRP3. Mechanical shock induces mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress through Piezo1, leading to apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. Chronic inflammation and loss of nucleus pulposus cells lead to spinal degeneration.
