Table 1.
Demographic data and laboratories findings of patients.
| Characteristics | Number of patients (%) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 14 (58.3) |
| Female | 10 (41.7) |
| Age in years, median (min-max) | 57 (10–84 years) |
| Bite site | |
| Feet | 70.8% |
| Hands | 29.2% |
| The time to the hospital, median (min-max) | 1.25 h (30 min–16 h) |
| Fang marks | |
| Identified (obviously visible) | 24 (100) |
| Local effects | 24 (100) |
| Abnormal Laboratories findings | |
| Fibrinogen level <100 mg/dL | 19 (29.2) |
| Fibrinogen level 101–163 mg/dL | 11 (16.9) |
| Unclotted 20WBCT | 3 (12.5) |
| Prolonged PT (>13.5 s) (normal PT 10.5–13.5 s) | 6 (25.0) a |
| Prolonged INR (>1.2) (normal INR 0.91–1.17) | 5 (20.8) |
| Prolonged TT (>13 s) (normal TT 10–13 s) | 6 (25.0) |
| Platelet < 100,000/mm3 (normal platelet 140–450 × 103 mm3) | 5 (20.8) |
| Thai Red Cross Antivenom treatment b | 7 (29.2) |
| Prolonged INR (>1.2) | 3 |
| Platelet <100,000/mm3 | 2 |
| Unclotted 20WBCT | 1 |
| Prolonged INR (>1.2) and unclotted 20WBCT | 1 |
20WBCT: 20 minute whole blood clotting test; PT: prothrombin time; INR: international normalized ratio; TT: thrombin time.
a
From WHO guideline’s criteria 9 (PT > 4–5 s longer than laboratory control value): only two patients had prolonged PT >4–5 s longer than laboratory control value.
b
Treatments following the indications for antivenom treatment of venomous snakebite’s management guideline of QSMI, The TRCS, Thailand. 10