Fig. 4. Temporal characteristics of proliferation and differentiation in ROs upon modulation of mTORC1 activity.
A Comparison of proliferation and differentiation in control, rapamycin-treated, and MHY1485-treated ROs shown by immunostaining of Ki67 (yellow) and CHX10 (red) at 40 days of differentiation. In control and rapamycin-treated ROs, Ki67, and CHX10 expression was found in outer layers without any co-localization with HuC/D expression, while ROs with MHY1485 treatment showed upregulated expression of Ki67 and CHX10 throughout all RO layers, including RGC and outer neuroblastic cell layers. Disrupted retinal laminar structure was evident in MHY1485-treated ROs. B The average retinal thickness of in control, rapamycin-treated, and MHY1485-treated ROs. Arrowheads indicate co-localization of HuC/D and Ki67 expression. Data are expressed by mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc analysis. Scale bar, 25 μm.