Table 1.

Material properties of different rock types used in the model.

Parameter	Aquifer	Caprock and base rock	Fault
Rock density, ρ (kg/m3)	2600	2600	2600
Porosity, $\varphi$ (–)	0.2	0.1	0.1
Permeability, $k$ ($m^2$)	4 × 10–14	1 × 10–19	1 × 10–19 and 1 × 10–16
Thermal conductivity (Wm−1 K−1)	1.5	1.5	1.5
Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)	1000	1000	1000
Thermal expansion coefficient, ${\alpha }_T$ (°C−1)	1.5 × 10–5	1.5 × 10–5	1.5 × 10–5
Young’s modulus, $E$ (GPa)	20	5	1
Poisson’s ratio, $\upsilon$ (–)	0.3	0.3	0.35
Biot coefficient, $\alpha$ (–)	1	1	1
Cohesion, c (MPa)	–	–	0
Initial friction angle, ${\phi }^{\mathit{ini}}$ (°)	–	–	31
Residual friction angle, ${\phi }^{\mathit{res}}$ (°)	–	–	29
Dilation angle, $\psi$ (°)	–	–	4
Softening parameter, ${\eta }^{\ast }$ (–)	–	–	0.005
Viscosity, ${\mu }_{\mathit{vp}}$ (MPams)	–	–	104