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. 2022 Jan 26;9:792994. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792994

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Yuan, Ali, Qin, Zhang and Zeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Assessment of the acrosomal status and capacitation rate at 37°C by a PNA/PI staining assay. Furthermore, 40 ng/ml heparin was used to stimulate acrosome reaction as the positive control. A: integral acrosome (green, PI⁻/PNA⁺), B: dead sperm (red, PI⁺/PNA⁻), C: acrosomal reaction (green/red, PI⁺/PNA⁺), D: damaged acrosome and incomplete membrane (green/red, PI⁺/PNA⁺). (B) The capacitation rate is equal to the sum of C group divided by the total sperm. The data are representative of at least three independent experiments (mean ± SEM).