Table 1.
Demographics, APACHE II score, outcomes and diagnosis of patient.
| Variables | All (n = 6,374) | Survivors (n = 5,158) | Non-survivors (n = 1,216) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), year | 64.1 ± 16.8 | 63.2 ± 16.7 | 68.4 ± 15.9 | P < 0.001 |
| Male, No. (%) | 3,683 (57.8) | 3,019 (58.5) | 664 (54.6) | P = 0.013 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.6 ± 8.5 | 30.5 ± 9.0 | 28.1 ± 7.5 | P = 0.004 |
| Race and ethnicity | P < 0.05 | |||
| White | 4,447 (69.8) | 3,581 (69.4) | 866 (71.2) | |
| Asian | 139 (2.1) | 104 (2.0) | 35 (2.9) | |
| Black | 421 (6.6) | 334 (6.5) | 87 (7.2) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 208 (3.3) | 166 (3.2) | 42 (3.5) | |
| Unknown/other | 1,159 (18.2) | 973 (18.9) | 186 (15.2) | |
| Source of admission | P < 0.05 | |||
| Ward or step-down unit | 956 (15.0) | 804 (15.6) | 152 (12.5) | |
| Emergency room | 3,187 (50) | 2,463 (47.8) | 724 (59.5) | |
| Office or operating room | 621 (9.7) | 520 (10.1) | 101 (8.3) | |
| Transferred from other hospital | 1,575 (24.7) | 1,338 (25.9) | 237 (19.5) | |
| Other | 35 (0.6) | 33 (0.6) | 2 (0.2) | |
| Comorbidities No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1,689 (26.5) | 1,120 (21.7) | 569 (46.8) | P < 0.049 |
| Diabetes | 907 (14.2) | 478 (10.0) | 429 (35.3) | P = 0.062 |
| Liver disease | 535 (8.4) | 278 (5.4) | 257 (21.1) | P = 0.047 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 637 (10.0) | 316 (6.1) | 321 (26.4) | P = 0.015 |
| COPD | 630 (9.9) | 389 (7.5) | 241 (19.8) | P = 0.071 |
| Heart failure | 1,306 (20.5) | 774 (15.0) | 532 (43.8) | P = 0.048 |
| Stroke | 529 (8.3) | 308 (6.0) | 221 (18.2) | P = 0.059 |
| Anemia | 461 (7.2) | 274 (5.3) | 187 (15.4) | P = 0.032 |
| Initial Diagnosis No. (%) | ||||
| Sepsis (including pneumonia) | 991 (15.5) | 670 (13.0) | 321 (26.4) | P <0.001 |
| Non-pulmonary sepsis | 507 (8.0) | 402 (7.8) | 105 (8.6) | P <0.001 |
| AKI stage, N (%) | P < 0.001 | |||
| Stage 1 | 278 (4.4) | 266 (5.1) | 12 (1.0) | |
| Stage 2 | 387 (6.1) | 339 (6.6) | 48 (3.9) | |
| Stage 3 | 157 (2.5) | 121 (2.5) | 36 (3.0) | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | P < 0.001 | |||
| Mild | 196 (3.1) | 162 (3.2) | 34 (2.8) | |
| Moderate | 299 (4.7) | 224 (4.3) | 75 (6.2) | |
| Sever | 150 (2.3) | 77 (1.5) | 73 (6.0) | |
| Shock | P < 0.001 | |||
| Hypovolemic shock | 221 (3.4) | 194 (3.8) | 27 (2.2) | |
| Distributive shock | 387 (6.1) | 321 (6.2) | 66 (5.4) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 218 (3.4) | 183 (3.5) | 35 (2.9) | |
| Obstructive shock | 172 (2.7) | 145 (2.8) | 27 (2.2) | |
| Metastatic cancer | 447 (7.0) | 412 (7.9) | 35 (2.9) | P < 0.01 |
| Acute Respiratory disease | 857 (13.4) | 810 (15.7) | 47 (3.9) | P < 0.01 |
| Cardica arrest | 396 (6.2) | 258 (5.0) | 138 (11.3) | P < 0.01 |
| Acute poisoning | 234 (3.7) | 197 (3.8) | 37 (3.0) | P < 0.01 |
| MODS | 260 (4.1) | 174 (3.4) | 86 (7.1) | P < 0.01 |
| Trauma | 128 (2.0) | 116 (2.2) | 12 (1.0) | P < 0.01 |
| Others | 89 (1.4) | 87 (1.7) | 2 (0.2) | P < 0.01 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Hospital mortality, No. (%) | 1,216 (19.1) | 0 | 1,216 (100) | P < 0.001 |
| ICU mortality, No. (%) | 1,001 (15.7) | 0 | 1,001 (82.3) | P < 0.001 |
| 90-day mortality, No. (%) | 1,648 (25.8) | 0 | 1,648 (135.5) | P < 0.001 |
| ICU LOS, median (IQR), d | 8.62 ± 9.0 | 8.5 ± 9.1 | 9.3 ± 8.9 | P = 0.005 |
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR), d | 15.7 ± 13.7 | 16.4 ± 13.8 | 12.6 ± 12.8 | P < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, No. (%) | 829 (13) | 461 (8.9) | 368 (30.3) | P < 0.05 |
| Length of mechanical ventilation (h) | 23.13 ± 8.12 | 20.76 ± 7.13 | 216.8 ± 18.13 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII score (SD) | ||||
| APACHII on day 1 (N = 6,374) | 18.4 ± 6.3 | 18.0 ± 6.3 | 19.8 ± 6.1 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 2 (N = 6,374) | 15.4 ± 5.8 | 14.5 ± 5.4 | 19.6 ± 5.7 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 3 (N = 4,173) | 15.9 ± 5.9 | 14.5 ± 5.2 | 20.2 ± 5.8 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 5 (N = 2,452) | 16.8 ± 5.8 | 14.9 ± 4.9 | 20.6 ± 5.7 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 7 (N = 1,835) | 17.5 ± 6.3 | 15.0 ± 5.1 | 21.6 ± 5.9 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 14 (N = 858) | 17.6 ± 6.6 | 14.2 ± 4.8 | 22.4 ± 5.8 | P < 0.001 |
| APACHII on day 28 (N = 364) | 15.7 ± 6.9 | 12.4 ± 4.4 | 23.2 ± 5.6 | P < 0.001 |
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SD, standard deviation; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; IQR, interquartile range.